LIBERALS-
1.Liberals wanted to bring change in the
society.
2.Liberals wanted a nation which tolerate
all religions(secularism).
3.They opposed uncontrolled power of
dynastic rules.
4.They believe government should be
elected by people.
5.They were not democrats as they did not
believe in Universal Adult Franchise. They thought that men of property should
have right to vote and did not want women to vote.
RADICALS-
1.Wanted a nation in which government was
based on majority of country’s population.
2.They opposed the privileges of great
land owners and factory owners.
3.Were not against private property but
dislike property in hand of few.
CONSERVATIVES-
1.Opposed to Radicals and Liberals.
2.They were the people who like monarchy
and nobility.
3.Even conservatives had opened their
minds to need for changes.
4.By 19th century, they
accepted the change but believe that changes should me made with respect to the past and should be gradual.
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY AND
SOCIAL CHANGE
1.Industrialisation brought men,women and
children to the factories.
2.Work hours were long and wages were
poor.
3.Unemployment was common at that time.
4.Housing and Sanitation were problems as
towns were growing rapidly.
SOCIALISM-The idea which is based on the belief
that all the people are equal and the
property must be equally distributed .Nor could any individual person can hold all the property.
Those
who followed the idea of socialism were called Socialist.
---- They
were against private property and believed that it is the root of all problems.
THE RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION
THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
IN1914-
KING- Tsar Nicholas 2
RELIGIONS IN RUSSIA-
·
PROESTANTS
·
MUSLIM
·
BUDDHIST
·
CATHOLIS
THE MAJOR RELIGION WAS RUSSIAN
ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY.
RUSSIA=>AGRICULTURE
i.
85% of the population work in
agriculture.
ii.
Russia was a major exporter of
grains.
There were less
Industries.
Main industrial areas
were:
1.St.Petersburg
2.Moscow
In
1890s the railways in Russia expanded.
New
industries took place. production raised
1914=> 31% of women
worked in factories. There wages were less compared to men.
The workers of Russia
were different they support each other. If one has to face some problem all the
workers strike together.
Russian
society in rural areas
·
Farmers had less land.Many farmers
did not even have land to cultivate.
·
Most of the land was hold by nobility
and church.
·
They work together, collect the crops
and then divide it in equal parts.
·
They have their commune who divide
the land according to their family needs.
In 1898 russian
social democratic workers party was formed.
1.mainly for
workers.
2.active in urban
areas.
3.it set up
newspaper,mobilized worker and organized strikes.
In 1900 socialist
revolutionary party was formed.
1. mainly for peasants.
2. Active in rural areas.
3. They want that land of nobles be transferred to peasants.
Tsar Nicholas
2-power
There was no
parliament.
Decision-tsar
Nicholas 2
War between Russia
and japan for korea and manchurea
Russia lost from
japan many times .
·
Russia lost again
·
Prices rose
·
Workers demanded better situation.
·
They striked and made associations.
ON 22 JAN 1905
GROUP OF WORKERS LED BY FATHER GAPONWENT
OUSIDE THE WINTER PALACE AND STARTED PROTESTING AGAINST THE KING.THE KING
ORDERD THE TROOPS FOR OPEN FIRE.AROUND 100 WORKERS KILLED AND 300 WORKERS
WOUNDED.THIS INCIDENT IS KNOWN AS BLOODY SUNDAY.
Many strikes took place after this incident all over Russia.
The king allowed
to make an elective parliament known as duma.
1.
First Duma was dismissed in 75 days.
2.
After 3 months the second duma made
it was also dismissed
3.
Third duma was made and continued
because TSAR made changes in the voting laws
and packed it with noble people and supporters of him.
The first world
war and the Russian empire
Central power allied power
Germany france
Turkey vs Britain
Austria russia
At first people supported TSAR.
St.Petersburg=>Petrograd
Because st.petersburg was a german name.
People stopped supporting Tsar.
Three reasons are-
1.
Tsar refused to consult the main
parties of duma.
2.
Rajputin(monk) was a poor advisor and
the people of Russia don’t like him.
3.
The queen of Russia was from Germany
so people wondered if the queen is from Germany so why Tsar is fighting with
Germany.
1914-1916èThe
Russian army was badly defeated from German and Austria army.
By 1917è
·
There were over 7 million casualties.
·
3 million people lost their home
·
The crops were destroyed.
·
The buildings were also destroyed.
·
The railway lines were broken.
·
The workers were sent to the
battlefield ther is a lack of workers in factories and workshop and the
factories closed.
·
The supply of goods stopped.
· Shortage of food.
Right of Neva Riverèworkers
and their factories
Left of Neva RiverèFashionable
areas like winter palace
Government buildings and the place where
duma meet.
IN 1917è
·
Due to winter crops destroyed.
·
Shortage of food.
·
On 22 feb factories were closed.
Around 50 worker moved to left side of neva and start protesting at NEVSKII
PROSPEKT.
·
Government imposed curfew.
·
On 24-25 feb workers again started
protesting.
·
King suspended Duma.
·
Politicians of Duma get against the
king and broke police headquarter.
Soldiers + workers
èpetrograd soviet
A delegation went to meet the King and
advised him to abdicate.
On 2nd march king abdicated.
Petrograd soviet + DUMAèPROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENT
PROVINCIAL
GOVRMENT WAS RUNNING THE COUNTRY.
LENIN came and announced three demands-
1.Declare that war war be brought to close.
2.Land be transferred to peasants.
3.Banks should be nationalized.
These three demands of Lenin are also
known as April Thesis.
He also suggested that the name of their party
should changed to COMMUNIST PARTY.
Provincial government consist of :
Land lord, Businessman, Army officials.
Lenin knew that the provincial government
would become a problem in future so he planned a protest against Provincial
government.
All his supporters from several fields
came together. on 16th October 1917 Lenin convinced the Petrograd
soviet.The date of revolt was kept secret .
BOLSHEVIK + SOVIETèMLITARY REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE (MRC)
THE COMMAND OF
THIS COMMITTEE WAS GIVEN TO LEON
TROTSKY.
ON 24TH October they revolted.
Prime Minister Kerenskii ordered troops .
Military seized two buildings of Bolshevik Newspaper.
The MRC confiscated government offices and
arrested ministers.
Bolshevik won.
Lenin nationalized the banks and industries.
Land was declared social property. They
changed the uniform of the military after a competition a hat was chosen and
named “THE SOVIET HAT”
He also changed
the name of the party .
RUSSIAN COMMUNIST PARTY.
ON NOVEMBER 1917à
·
Bolshevik conducted election to the
constituent assembly.
·
Lenin dismissed the assembly as they
lost.
·
Russia became one party state.
On march 1918 they made peace with
Germany.
(at breast litovsk)
Civil War
Other countries were supporting greens and
white as they had fear that if the socialism will spread in russia that is a
chance of this in their country too.
BY JAN 1920 all the power was in the hands
of Bolshevik.
Lenin started making 5 year plan means how
much development they do in 5 years.
The government fixed the prices of goods to increase industrial growth for
first 2 five year plan.(1927-1938)
·
Situation of schools improved
·
Health facilities improved
·
Centralized planning led to economic
growth.
LENIN DEATH
NEW LEADER OF COMMUNIST PARTY-JOSEPH
SATLIN(he was a close associate of Lenin)
By 1927-1928àthere
was shortage of grains. The government fixed the prices of grains
The peasants refused to sell the grains
.Stalin introduced emergency measuresbecause
they thought that the rich farmers and traders in the countryside were holding
stocks in the hope of high price.
Stalin had made compulsory to give grains.
The party members started raids on kulaks.
But after so much effort there was
shortage of grains.so he introduced COLLECTIVISATION PROGRAMME
IN Collectivization Programme they collect lands of farmers and by use
modern machinery they produce grains
more.After that the production was equally divided among all.Stalin forced
farmers to do collectivization
programme.those who disagree was sent to jail.
Peasants became angry and destroyed their
own livestocks.
FROM 1930-1933
OVER 4 MILLION PEOPLE DIED STARVING.
THOSE WHO CRITISE STALIN WAS PUNISHED AS
CONSPIRACY AGAINST SOCIALISM.THEY WERE SENT TO JAIN OR LABOUR KENT.BY 1939 OVER
2 MILLION PEOPLE WERE SENT TO JAIL OR LABOUR KENT.
THE GLOBEL
INFLUENCE OF THR RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE USSR
Due to Russia many communist party formed
in several country.
Bolshevik organized the congress of the
people of the east was a multinational conference held in September 1920 by the communist
international in baku.
Communist international (comintern)
They made USSR COMMUNIST UNIVERSITY OF THE
WORKER OF THE EAST .In these universities people are made aware of socialism.
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